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THE GUIDE: Understanding Your Electronic Sailing Navigation Instruments, Their Readings, Meanings, and Calibrations

Cover page
TWS
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This guide covers the values commonly displayed by our navigation instruments (AWS, AWA, TWS, TWA, GWS, GWA, etc.). It explains these values and illustrates them with a diagram for each one. After a brief overview of the technologies behind common sensors, we provide practical methods for properly calibrating these sensors (compass, log, anemometer, wind vane). We then cover some more complex concepts, such as VMG and VMC.

Finally, learning about autopilots helps you become familiar with them and adjust them for optimal performance.

Table of Contents:

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Key Measurements and Their Meanings
  • 3. Sensor Technologies
    • 1. The Anemometer
      • 1. The Cup Anemometer
      • 2. The Ultrasonic Anemometer
    • 2. The Speedometer (Log)
      • 1. The vane log
      • 2. The electromagnetic log
      • 3. The ultrasonic log
  • 4. Measured values
    • 1. AWS
    • 2. AWA
    • 3. BS or Surface Speed or STW
    • 4. Heading (HDG)
    • 5. SOG
    • 6. COG
  • 5. Calculated Values
    • 1. TWS
    • 2. TWA
    • 3. TWD
    • 4. GWS
    • 5. GWA
    • 6. GWD
    • 7. Exercice
    • 8. Notes on Displaying Values
    • 9. Summary Table
  • 6. Factors Affecting Measured Values
    • 1. Noisy Signal
    • 2. The Concept of Sampling
    • 3. Incorrect Calibration
  • 7. Calibrating Your Instruments
    • 1. Calibrating Your Compass
    • 2. Calibrating Your Speedometer
      • 1. First Method
      • 2. Second Method
      • 3. Third Method
    • 3. Calibrating Your Anemometer
      • 1. First Method
      • 2. Second Method
      • 3. Third Method
    • 4. Calibrating Your Wind Vane
      • 1. First Method
      • 2. Second Method
    • 5. Is It Calibrated Correctly?
  • 8. Advanced Concepts
    • 1. Polar Diagrams
    • 2. VMG
    • 3. VMC
    • 4. Summary with Examples
  • 9. Autopilot Basics
    • 1. “Open-loop” control
    • 2. “Closed-loop” control: feedback
    • 3. Main modes
    • 4. Some important settings
      • 1. Rudder gain
      • 2. Rudder coefficient or autotrim
      • 3. Counter-rudder
      • 4. An example of settings
  • 10. Conclusion